Erdal Şafak

Deprem Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı

Prof. Dr. Erdal Şafak

E-Posta : erdal.safak@retired.bogazici.edu.tr Telefon : (216) 516-3308

Öğrenim:

Lisans - İnşaat Mühendisliği, Haziran 1973
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Türkiye
Yüksek Lisans - Yapı Mühendisliği, Nisan 1975
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Türkiye
Doktora - Yapı Mühendisliği, Mayıs 1980
Illinois Üniversitesi, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, ABD

Deneyim:

Ağustos 2006 – devam: Profesör, Deprem Mühendisliği Bölümü, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye
Temmuz 2015-Şubat 2019: Müdür Yardımcısı, Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Ağustos 2006 - Temmuz 2018: Bölüm Başkanı, Deprem Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı, Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma Enstitüsü, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, Türkiye
Ocak 2002 – Ağustos 2006: Araştırmacı Yapı Mühendisi ve Proje Yöneticisi, USGS, Earthquake Hazards Team, Pasadena, California
Ekim 2000 – Ocak 2002: Teknik Danışman, işveren: U.S. State Department for the Saudi Geological Survey, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Mart 1998 – Eylül 2000: Araştırmacı Öğretim Üyesi, Mühendislik Departmanı, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado (USGS bünyesinde çalışırken).
Mayıs 1995 – Eylül 2000: Araştırmacı Yapı Mühendisi, Grup Lideri ve Proje Yürütücüsü, USGS, Golden, Colorado
Ağustos 1993 - Aralık 1993: Profesörlük Okutmanı, İnşaat, Mekanik ve Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü, George Washington Universitesi, Washington, D.C. (USGS bünyesinde çalışırken).
Ocak 1991 - Mayıs 1995: Araştırmacı Yapı Mühendisi, USGS Genel Merkezi, Reston, Virginia.
Ocak 1984 - Ocak 1991: Araştırmacı Yapı Mühendisi, USGS, Menlo Park, California.
Ekim 1988 - Ocak 1991: Araştırma Görevlisi, Stanford/USGS Deprem Mühendisliği ve Sismoloji Araştırmaları Enstitüsü, Stanford Universitesi, Palo Alto, California (USGS bünyesinde çalışırken).
Temmuz 1980 - Ocak 1984: Proje Mühendisi, Engineering Decision Analysis Company (EDAC), Palo Alto, California
Haziran 1977 - Temmuz 1980: Lisansüstü Araştırma Görevlisi, İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü, Illinois Üniversitesi, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois

Yayın Kurulu Üyesi, Journal of Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2009-devam.
Yayın Kurulu Üyesi, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2011-devam.
Yayın Kurulu Üyesi, Earthquake Spectra, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute tarafından yayımlanan mesleki dergi, 2003- 2008.
Üye, ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) Yapı Bölümü, İnşa Edilmiş Tesislerin Yapısal Tanımlaması Teknik Komitesi, 1994-2006.
Üye, ASCE Yapı Bölümü Deprem Etkileri Teknik Komitesi, 1989-2006.
Üye, ICSSC (Interagency Committee on Seismic Safety in Construction), 1992-2006.
Üye, UJNR (U.S.-Japan National Research) Deprem Etkileri Paneli, 1991-2006.
Üye, 1993-2006. National Institute of Building Sciences, Proje Yönetim Komitesi
Deprem Güvenliği Koordinatörü, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992-devam.
Bilimsel Danışman, NATO Projesi: Türkiye'de Bulunan Eski Demiryolu Köprülerinin Test edilmesi ve İyileştirilmesi, 1992-1997.
Üye, ASCE Mühendislik Mekaniği Bölümü Deneysel Analiz ve Cihazlandırma Teknik Komitesi, 1991-1997.
Üye, ASCE Uzay Bölümü, Yapısal Dinamik ve Kontrol Alt Komitesi, 1990-1992.
Yardımcı Editör, EERI (Earthquake Engineering Research Institute) Newsletter, 1984-1991.
Üye, Amerikan Ordusu Biaxial Şok Test Makinası Teknik Değerlendirme Grubu, 1990.
Üye, EERI Uluslararası Üyelikler Komitesi, 1986.
Üye, San Francisco Bay Area, San Bernardino County, Los Angeles, ve Orange County Sismik Yapı Enstrümantasyon Komitesi, 1984-1985.

Araştırma Alanları:

Aşağıdaki başlıklarda araştırma, geliştirme, öğretim ve teknik danışmanlık yapmaktadır:
- Yapıların rüzgar ve deprem yükleri altındaki davranışları
- Deprem güvenliğinin belirlenmesi ve riskin azaltılması
- Sismik cihazlandırma, veri toplama ve veri analizi
- Güvenliğin belirlenmesine yönelik tahribatsız alan testi
- Sistem tanımı ve hasar belirlenmesi
- Zeminlerde ve yapılarda dalga yayımı
- Doğal tehlikelerin modellenmesi ve dijital benzetimi
- Yapısal sistemlerin güvenilirlik analizi
- Rastgele titreşimler ve olasılıksal süreçler
- Yapım sistemlerinin aktif ve pasif denetimi

Araştırma projelerinin yönetimi, teknik rapor ve makale yazılması, dergiler için makale incelenmesi, kaynak yaratma/fonlama kurumları için araştırma tekliflerinin değerlendirilmesi
Yapılar için geçici ve kalıcı cihazlandırmanın planlanması ve yönetilmesi
Teknik komitelere, çalıştaylara, toplantılara ve seminerlere katılım sağlanması

Tüm Yayınlar

Hakemli dergilerde toplam makale sayısı: 58
Konferans bildirileri toplam sayısı: 110+
Bilimsel raporların sayısı: 16
Alıntılanma sayıları: 2,313 Ekim 2018 itibariyle (h-index: 25)

Hakemli Dergilerde Yayımlanan Makaleler

Foutch, D.A. E. Şafak (1981). Torsional vibration of wind excited symmetric structures, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Elsevier Science Ltd., Vol.7, No.2, March 1981, pp.191-201.
Foutch, D.A. and E. Şafak (1981). Torsional vibration of along-wind excited structures, Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. EM2, April 1981, pp.323-337.
Bongiovanni, G., M. Çelebi, and E. Şafak (1987). Seismic rocking response of a triangular building founded on sand, Earthquake Spectra, EERI, Vol.3, No.4, Nov. 1987, pp.793-810.
Şafak, E. and D.A. Foutch (1987). Coupled vibrations of rectangular buildings subjected to normally-incident random wind loads, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Elsevier Science Ltd., 26 (1987) pp.129-148.
Şafak, E. (1988). Analytical approach to calculation of response spectra from seismological models of ground motion, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Wiley Inter-Science, Vol.16, No.1, January 1988, pp.121-134.
Şafak, E., C. Mueller, and J. Boatwright (1988). A simple model for strong ground motions and response spectra, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Wiley Inter-Science, Vol.16, No.2, February 1988, pp.203-215.
Şafak, E. and D.M. Boore (1988). On low-frequency errors of uniformly modulated, filtered, white-noise models for ground motion, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Wiley Inter-Science, Vol.16, No.3, April 1988, pp.381-388.
Şafak, E. and M.F. Bendimerad (1988). Peak response of 2-DOF uncoupled oscillator under two-directional base motion, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Wiley Inter-Science, Vol.16, No.7, October 1988, pp.1061-1072.
Şafak, E. (1989). Optimal-adaptive filters for modeling spectral shape, site amplification, and source scaling, Soil Dynamics & Earthquake Engineering, Elsevier Science Ltd., Vol.8, No.2, April 1989, pp.75-95.
Çelebi, M., G. Bongiovanni, E. Şafak, and G. Brady (1989). Seismic response of a large-span roof diaphragm, Earthquake Spectra, EERI, Vol.5, No.2, May 1989, pp.337-350.
Şafak, E. (1989). Adaptive modeling, identification, and control of dynamic structural systems: Part I- Theory, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol.115, No.11, November 1989, pp.2386-2405.
Şafak, E. (1989). Adaptive modeling, identification, and control of dynamic structural systems: Part II- Applications, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol.115, No.11, November 1989, pp.2406-2426.
Şafak, E. and M. Çelebi (1990). Method to estimate center of rigidity of a building using vibration recordings, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol.116, No.1, 1990, pp.85-97.
Çelebi, M., E. Şafak, and N. Youssef (1991). Torsional response of a unique building, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol.117, No.5, May 1991, pp.1549-1566.
Şafak, E. and M. Çelebi (1991). Recorded seismic response of Transamerica Building: Part II – System identification, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol.117, No.8, August 1991, pp.2404-2424.
Çelebi, M., and E. Şafak (1991). Recorded seismic response of Transamerica Building: Part I - Data and preliminary analysis, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol.117, No.8, August 1991, pp.2388-2403.
Şafak, E. (1991). Identification of linear structures using discrete-time filters, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol.117, No.10, October 1991, pp.3046-3085.
Şafak, E. and M. Çelebi (1991). Analyses of recorded responses of two high-rise buildings during the Loma Prieta earthquake of October 17, 1989, Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, Special Issue on the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake and its effects, October 1991, pp.2087-2110.
Şafak, E. and M. Çelebi (1992). Recorded seismic response of Pacific Park Plaza: Part II – System identification, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol.118, No.6, June 1992, pp.1566-1589.
Çelebi, M., and E. Şafak (1992). Seismic response of Pacific Park Plaza: Part I - Data and preliminary analysis, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol.118, No.6, June 1992, pp.1547-1565.
Şafak, E. (1993). Response of a 42-story steel-frame building to the Ms=7.1 Loma Prieta Earthquake, Engineering Structures, Vol.15, No.6, pp.403-421.
Şafak, E. and A. Frankel (1994). Structural response to 3-D simulated earthquake motions in San Bernardino Valley, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol.120, No.10, October 1994, pp.2820-2839.
Şafak, E. (1995). Detection and identification of soil-structure interaction in buildings from vibration recordings, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol.121, No.5, May 1995, pp.899-906.
Şafak, E. (1995). Discrete-time analysis of seismic site amplification, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol.121, No.7, July 1995, pp.801-809.
Şafak, E. (1997). Models and methods to characterize site amplification from a pair of records, Earthquake Spectra, EERI, Vol.13, No.1, pp.97-129.
Şafak, E (1997) New directions in seismic monitoring of multi-story buildings, Structural Health Monitoring, Current Status and Perspectives, 418-430.
Şafak, E. (1998). Propagation of seismic waves in tall buildings, The International Journal of the Structural Design of Tall Buildings, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Vol. 7, pp.295-306.
Şafak, E. (1998). New approach to analyze soil-building systems, Soil Dynamics & Earthquake Engineering, Elsevier Science Ltd., Vol. 17, No. 7-8, pp.509-517.
Şafak, E. (1999). Wave propagation formulation of seismic response of multi-story buildings, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 125, No. 4, pp.426-437.
Şafak, E. (2000). Characterization of seismic hazards and structural response by energy flux, Soil Dynamics & Earthquake Engineering, Elsevier Science Ltd., Vol. 20, No. 1-4, pp.39-43.
Şafak, E. and M. Erdik – Coordinators (2000). Recorded main shock and aftershock motions, Earthquake Spectra – Special Issue on 1999 Kocaeli. Turkey Earthquake, December 2000, Vol. 16, Issue S1, pp. 97-112.
Şafak, E., M. Erdik, K. Beyen, D. Carver, E. Cranswick, M. Celebi, E. Durukal, W. Ellsworth, T. Holzer, M. Meremonte, C. Mueller, O. Ozel, S. Toprak (2000). Recorded main shock and aftershock motions, Earthquake Spectra,Volume16, Issue S1, Pages 97-112.
Şafak, E. (2001). Local site effects and dynamic soil behavior, Soil Dynamics & Earthquake Engineering, Elsevier Science Ltd., Vol. 21, pp.453-458.
Şafak, E. (2001). Analysis of earthquake records from structures: An overview, in Strong Motion Instrumentation for Civil Engineering Structures (Eds. M. Erdik, et al.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, pp.91-107.
Özel, O., E. Cranswick, M. Meremonte, M. Erdik, and E. Şafak (2002). Site Effects in Avcilar, West of Istanbul, Turkey, from Strong- and Weak-Motion Data, Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, February 2002 Vol. 92, pp.499-508.
Zhang, R.R., S. Ma, E. Şafak, and S. Harzell (2003). Hilbert-Huang transform analysis of dynamic and earthquake motion recordings, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 129, No. 8, August 2003, pp. 861-875.
Erdik, M., T. Rashidov, E. Şafak, and A. Turdukulov (2005). Assessment of seismic risk in Tashkent, Uzbekistan and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 7, pp.473-486
Erdik,M., T. Rashidov, E. Şafak, and A. Turdukulov (2005). Assessment of seismic risk in Tashkent, Uzbekistan and Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Soil Dynamics & Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 7-10 (Special Issue), pp 473-486
Kohler, M.D., P.M. Davis, and E. Şafak (2005). Earthquake and Ambient Vibration Monitoring of the Steel Frame UCLA Factor Building, Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 21, No. 3, August 2005, pp.715-736.
Şafak, E. (2006). Time-domain representation of frequency-dependent foundation impedance functions, Soil Dynamics & Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 26, No.1, pp.65-70.
Snieder, R. and E. Şafak (2006). Extracting the building response using interferometric imaging; theory and application to the Millikan Library in Pasadena, California, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 96, pp.586-598.
Şafak, E. (2007). Importance of surface waves for tall buildings, Journal of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Vol. 1, No 1, pp.33-42.
Şafak, E. (2009). System identification for soil-structure interaction, in Encyclopedia of Structural Health Monitoring (Ed. by Boller, C., Chang, F., and Fujino, Y.), John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK, pp.2319-2326.
Şafak, E., E Çaktı, Y Kaya (2010). Recent developments on structural health monitoring and data analyses, Earthquake Engineering in Europe, Springer Netherlands. pp. 331-355.
Picozzi, M., C Milkereit, C Zulfikar, K Fleming, R Ditommaso, M Erdik, J Zschau, J Fischer, E. Şafak, O Özel, and N Apaydin (2010). Wireless technologies for the monitoring of strategic civil infrastructures: An ambient vibration test on the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Suspension Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 8, No.3, pp.671-691.
Şafak, E. (2010). Strong-motion and structural monitoring networks in Istanbul and their use for risk assessment, Earthquake Data in Engineering Seismology, Volume 14 of the series Geotechnical, Geological, and Earthquake Engineering, pp 261-270, November 2010.
Şafak, E. (2011). Yüksek Yapılardaki Rüzgar Yüklerinin Hesabı, TMMOB İnşaat Mühendisleri Odası, 2011, Vol. 4.
S Soyoz, E Taciroglu, K Orakcal, R Nigbor, D Skolnik, E. Şafak (2012). Ambient and forced vibration testing of a reinforced concrete building before and after its seismic retrofitting, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol.139, Issue10 Pages 1741-1752
Tsereteli, N., G Tanircan, E Şafak, O Varazanashvil, T Chelidze, A Gvencadze, N Goguadze (2012). Seismic hazard assessment for Southern Caucasus—Eastern Turkey energy corridors: The example of Georgia, Correlation between human factors and the prevention of disasters, IOS Press BV,Volume 94, Pages 96-111.
Apaydın, N., Y. Kaya, E Şafak, H Alçık (2012). Vibration characteristics of a suspension bridge under traffic and no traffic conditions, Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 2012, Vol. 41, Issue 12, pp.1717-1723.
Kaya, Y. , E. Şafak (2013). Real-Time Structural Health Monitoring and Damage Detection, Topics in Dynamics of Civil Structures, Volume 4, Society for Experimental Mechanics Series, May 2013, pp 11-19.
Kaya Y., E. Şafak (2015). Real-time analysis and interpretation of continuous data from Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) Systems, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, v. 13, Issue 3, p. 917-934
Kaya, Y., S. Kocakaplan, and E. Şafak (2015). System Identification and Model Calibration of Multi-Story Buildings Through Estimation of Vibration Time Histories at Non-Instrumented Floors, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, v.13, Issue 11, pp.3301-3323.
Hancilar, U., I. El-Hussain, K. Sesetyan, A. Deif, E. Cakti, G.Al-Rawas, E. Şafak, and K. Al-Jabri (2018). Earthquake risk assessment for the building inventory of Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, Natural Hazards, Vol. 93, No.3, pp.419-1434.
E. Çaktı and E. Şafak (2018). Structural Health Monitoring: Lessons learned, in Seismic Isolation, Structural Health Monitoring, and Performance Based Seismic Design in Earthquake Engineering, Springer Int. Pub. AG, Switzerland, pp.145-164.
Caglar, N.M., E. Şafak (2019). Application of travelling wave method for dynamic analysis of plane frame structures, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering March 2019, Volume 17, Issue 3, pp 1361–1377.
Caglar, N.M., E. Şafak (2019). Application of spectral element method in dynamic analysis of plane frame structures, Earthquake Spectra, August 2019, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 1213-1233
Çağlar N.M., E. Şafak (2019). Energy flux approach for dynamic analysis of structures, Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, August 2019.

EQE 683 – Special Topics in Earthquake Engineering: Introduction to Random Vibrations with Applications in Wind and Earthquake Engineering Primary tabs

COURSE OBJECTIVES : The objective of the course is to present an introduction to stochastic process and random vibration theories, and show their utilization in solving problems related to wind and earthquake induced dynamic response of structures.

COURSE SYLLABUS :

Characterization of random variables
Time- and frequency-domain representations of random dynamic loads
Dynamic response of SDOF (Single-Degree-of-Freedom) systems to random loads
Dynamic response of MDOF (Multi-Degrees-of-Freedom) systems to random loads
Time and frequency domain calculations of the response
Nonlinear response to random loads
Probabilistic description of the extreme values of response
Failure analysis
Applications in Earthquake Engineering
Applications in Wind Engineering

PREREQUISITES : Completion of a course on structural dynamics and the familiarity with the numerical analysis software MATLAB.

DURATION & HOURS PER WEEK : 12 weeks, 3 hours per week

GRADING BASIS : Homework (at least one every week); no mid-term or final exam.

REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS :

(Optional; course notes will be provided)

S.H. Crandall (ed.), Random Vibration (in 2 volumes), MIT Press, 1958/1963. C.Y. Yang, Random Vibration of Structures, John Wiley & Sons, 1986.
Y.K. Lin, Probabilistic Theory of Structural Dynamics, McGraw-Hill, 1967/1995.
N.C. Nigam, Introduction to Random Vibrations, MIT Press, 1983.
L Lutes & S. Sarkani, Random Vibrations: Analysis of Structural and Mechanical Systems, Elsevier, 2004.
I. Elishakoff, Probabilistic Theory of Structures (Second Ed., paperback), Dover, 1999.

EQE 698 – Special Topics in Earthquake Engineering:

COURSE OBJECTIVES : To present the basics on structural health monitoring (i.e., continuous monitoring of the dynamic motions of structures) and data analysis, including selection of sensor types and locations, dealing with noise in digital data, spectral analysis, system identification in time and frequency domains, and damage detection.

COURSE SYLLABUS :

Introduction
Measuring planar (2D) and spatial (3D) motions
Sensors
Fourier transforms
Discrete Time Signals and Systems
Z transforms
Filtering
Simple tools for system identification for buildings
Nonparametric (Spectral) methods for System Identification
Parametric methods for System Identification
Hands-on practice with instrumentation and data collection
Hands-on practice with system identification using real data

PREREQUISITES :

A completed course on Structural Dynamics
Knowledge of MATLAB

DURATION & HOURS PER WEEK : 12 weeks, 3 hours per week

GRADING BASIS : Based on homework; no mid-term or final exams.

REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS :

(Optional; course notes will be provided)

Ljung, L. (1999). System Identification: Theory for the User
MathWorks (2013). System Identification Toolbox User Manual
Bendat, J.S. and Piersol, A.G. (1993). Random Data: Analysis and Measurement Procedures
Bendat, J.S. and Piersol, A.G. (1993). Engineering Applications of Correlation and Spectral Analysis
Cadzow, J.A. (1973). Discrete-Time Systems: An Introduction with Interdisciplinary Applications
Hayes, M.H. (1999). Digital Signal Processing (Schaum’s Outlines)
Scherbaum, F. (2001). Of Poles and Zeros

Member, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1978-present.
Member, American Academy of Mechanics (AAM), 1979-present.
Member, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI),1984-present.
Member, Seismological Society of America (SSA), 1985-present.
Member, Structural Engineers Association of California (SEAOC),1984-1991.