EQE 520 STRONG GROUND MOTION

INSTRUCTOR : Prof. Dr. Gülüm TANIRCAN

COURSE OBJECTIVES : It is intended to provide the students in earthquake engineering and earth science with the basic concepts and knowledge needed to understand the earthquake excitation, both in theory and in practice. The course encompasses the earthquake basic information, strong motion data processing and scaling, background of probabilistic and deterministic hazard/risk analyses and their analytical applications which become essential in estimation of design basis ground motion parameters for structures.

COURSE SYLLABUS :

Earthquake Basics:

Plate tectonic and seismo-tectonic models,

Earthquake source,

Faulting,

Quantification of Earthquakes

Elasticity and Seismic Waves

Seismic waves, Stress & Strain Relationships

Equation of Motion – Wave Propagation

Fault planes solutions, Radiation pattern,

Source and Propagation Path Characteristics of

Earthquakes.

Strong Motion Measurements, Processing and Interpretation.

Time and frequency domain characteristics of strong motions, Instrumentations, Networks,

Strong Motion Processing procedures: Fourier, Power, Response, Design Wavelet spectra.

Introduction to MATLAB software and data processing

Strong Ground Motion Simulation/Strong Motion Scaling

Earthquake Hazard& Risk

Seismic source regionalization, Attenuation Relationships, Probabilistic/Deterministic Hazard, Probability of Occurrence /Exceedance, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment techniques.

PREREQUISITES : -

DURATION & HOURS PER WEEK : 4 hours per week

GRADING BASIS : Three (3) Assignments 30%

Term Project 40%

Final 30%

REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS :

An Introduction to Random Vibrations, Spectral&Wavelet Analysis, by D.E. Newland, Prentice Hall,1993.

Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, by Steven L. Kramer, Prentice Hall, 1996

Earthquake Engineering Handbook, edited by Chen and Schawtorn, CRC Press, 2003

Seismic Hazard and Risk Analysis, Robin K. McGuire, EERI, 2004.

Earthquake Dynamics of Structure, A Primer, Anil A. Chopra, EERI, 2005.

INSTRUCTOR : Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ayşegül Göğüş

COURSE OBJECTIVES : To develop the tools needed to interpret dynamic response of structures subjected to seismic excitation.

COURSE OUTLINE :

Review of Basic Concepts [Week 1]
Elastic Response of Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) Systems [Weeks 1-6]
- Equation of motion
- Undamped and damped free vibration response
- Forced vibration response: Earthquake excitations
- Numerical evaluation of dynamic response
- Response spectrum concept
Elastic Response of Multi-Degree-of-Freedom (MDOF) Systems [Weeks 7-12]
- Equations of motion
- Solution of equation of motion under earthquake excitation
- Natural vibration frequencies and modes
- Free vibration response
- Modal analysis and modal response contributions
- Response history analysis
- Response spectrum analysis
Design Spectrum and Building Code Approach [Weeks 13-14]
- Design spectrum and response quantities
- Structural dynamics in building codes

PREREQUISITES : -

DURATION & HOURS PER WEEK : 3 hours per week / 3+0+0

ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENTS & GRADING BASIS :
Minimum attendance required to pass the course is 80%.
Grading:
- Homework assignments: 20%
- Mid-term exams: 2 exams, each 20%
- Final exam: 40%

REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS :

- Dynamics of Structures: theory and applications to earthquake engineering by Anil K. Chopra (Pearson Education, 2nd edition, 2001; 3rd edition 2007; 4 th edition 2012; 5 th edition 2017; 6 th edition 2023).
- Dynamics of Structures: A primer by Anil K. Chopra (Earthquake Engineering Research Institute-EERI, 1982).
- Earthquake Dynamics of Structures: A primer by Anil K. Chopra (Earthquake Engineering Research Institute-EERI, 2 nd Edition, 2005).
- Dynamics of Structures by Ray W. Clough and Joseph Penzien (McGraw Hill, Student edition, 1982; 2nd edition, 1993).
- Earthquake Spectra and Design by N. M. Newmark and W. J. Hall (Earthquake Engineering Research Institute-EERI, 1982).

COURSE NO AND TITLE : EQE 545 - Mathematical Methods in Earthquake Engineering

INSTRUCTOR : Prof. Dr. Ufuk Hancılar

COURSE OBJECTIVES :

• To provide theoretical background for the most common mathematical methods used in the engineering characterization of strong ground motion, structural and soil dynamics, response analysis and identification, and the general problems within scope of the performance based earthquake engineering,
• To improve and contribute to students’ understandings of their implementation by hands-on training.

COURSE SYLLABUS :

• Linear algebra and complex analysis
• Functional analysis: Series and evaluation of line integrals
• Differential equations
• Random variable theory, probability theory and distributions, statistical inference methods

PREREQUISITES : -

DURATION & HOURS PER WEEK : 3 hours/week / 3+0+0

GRADING BASIS :

• Mid-term exam/homework assignments: 50%
• Final exam: 50%
• Attendance requirement: 80% of the classes to get a passing grade.​​

REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS :

• Kreyszig, E. (several editions available): Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Wiley.
• Cakmak, A. S., Botha, J.F. and Gray, W. G. (1987): Computational and Applied Mathematics for Engineering Analysis, Computational Mechanics Publications, Springer.
• Bayın, S. S. (2008): Essentials of Mathematical Methods in Science and Engineering, John Wiley & Sons.
• Martin, T. W. and Spanier, E. H. (1969): Mathematical Methods in Physics and Engineering, McGraw Hill.
• Bozorgnia, Y. and Bertero, V. V. (2004): Earthquake Engineering - from Engineering Seismology to Performance-Based Engineering, CRC Press.

COURSE NO AND TITLE : EQE 550 – Earthquake Resistant Design

INSTRUCTOR : Prof. Dr. M. Nuray Aydınoğlu

COURSE OBJECTIVES : The objective of the course is to present theoretical and practical aspects of earthquake resistant design with particular emphasis given to the application of current Turkish Building Earthquake Design Code (TBDY 2018). The course includes examples of seismic analysis and design of real multistory RC buildings.

COURSE SYLLABUS :

• Historical development of seismic design codes
• Strength-based design versus deformation-based design
• Strength supply and ductility demand concepts.
• Nonlinear earthquake response of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems.
• Development and use of constant-ductility response spectra.
• Seismic Load Reduction Factors, Overstrength Factors
• Analysis requirements of TBDY (2018)
• Capacity Design principles
• Modeling of building structural systems for seismic design.
• Strength and ductility requirements for reinforced concrete and steel structures.
• Seismic detailing

PREREQUISITES : EQE 530

DURATION & HOURS PER WEEK : 12 weeks, 3 hours per week

GRADING BASIS :

• Homework on seismic analysis and design of a multistory RC building
• Final exam on homework

REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS :

(optional) course notes will be provided

Chopra, A.K. “Dynamics of Structures, Prentice Hall

COURSE NO AND TITLE : EQE 579.01 - Graduate Seminar

INSTRUCTOR : Prof. Dr. Ufuk Hancılar Phone: 216-516 3217

COURSE SYLLABUS : The course is meant to give students practice speaking in front of an audience and to explore topics of their own choosing in detail as well as to expose and expand the student's perceptive and awareness regarding the topics of interest to earthquake engineering. These will be achieved by students’ presentations, guest lectures and presentations/lectures by the instructor.

Students will research topics and organize presentations. The topics may be any aspect of earthquake engineering and must be approved by the instructor in advance. Students will submit a detailed outline (1 – 1.5 pages) of their presentation as well as a brief abstract (one or two paragraphs) describing their presentation along with a bibliography. Unless cleared with the instructor, students may not give a presentation similar to one delivered in another class. Students will deliver 20-minute presentations. 10 to 15-minute discussion sessions will follow. To help students improve as speakers, each student will receive feedback from the fellow students and the instructor.

Guest lectures will be given by the other department members and invited speakers. Students are encouraged to take advantage of the expertise of the speakers by actively participating in lively discourse.

Attendance will be taken at each class and participation to at least 70 per cent of the seminars is required to get a passing grade.

PREREQUISITES : -

DURATION & HOURS PER WEEK : 1 hrs per week / Non credit

GRADING BASIS : Based on the students’ performance during the classes. 70% attendance is required to get a passing grade.

COURSE NO AND TITLE : EQE 585– Selected Topics in Earthquake Engineering: "Soil Improvement Methods to Mitigate Earthquake Effects”

INSTRUCTOR : Prof. Dr. Ayşe Edinçliler

COURSE OBJECTIVES : The purpose of this course is to present the basic aspects of soil improvement techniques avaiable for mitigation of goetechnical hazards. The aims of this course are

• to learn the types of soil improvement techniques available for mitigation of geotechnical hazards
• to apply the soil imptovrement methods to the existing structures, pipelines, and other constructed facilities under seismic condions.
• to improve the liquefiable soils to mitigate seismic hazards, and
• to measure the effectiveness of soil improvement by laboratory, in situ, or geophysical tests.

COURSE SYLLABUS :

COURSE NO AND TITLE : EQE 588 - Selected Topics in Earthquake Engineering: ”Earthquake Performance Assessment of Historical Structures”

INSTRUCTOR : Prof. Dr. Eser Çaktı

COURSE OBJECTIVES : To provide a general understanding and appreciation of the structural behaviour of historical structures in earthquake-prone areas, to introduce means and methods used in earthquake performance assessment of historical structures.

COURSE SYLLABUS :

• structural types and systems common to historial masonry structures,
• particulars of material properties,
• types of earthquake damages sustained by masonry structures,
• methods and tools for structural analysis,
• criteria for earthquake performance assessment
• testing methods for evaluation of material properties and structural state,
• non-destructive and non-invasive methods for the evaluation of earthquake performance,
• strengthening approaches,
• field trip,
• hands-on training in new techniques for monitoring of historical structures.

PREREQUISITES : -

DURATION & HOURS PER WEEK : 12 weeks , 3 hours/week

GRADING BASIS : Quiz, Oral Presentation and Report on Selected Topic, Term Project

REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS : Papers and book chapters suggested by the instructor

COURSE NO AND TITLE : EQE 589 – Special Topics in Earthquake Engineering: “Transportation Infrastructure “

INSTRUCTOR : Prof. Dr. Nurdan Memişoğlu Apaydın

COURSE OBJECTIVES :

• Review on types and functions of transportation infrastructure
• Essentials for the design and construction of transportation infrastructure (Tunnels-Bridges-Airports-Ports)
• Understand earthquake effects on transportation infrastructure and networks
• Analyze risk and resilience
• Understand National Earthquake Regulations for Transportation Structures
• Evaluate Non-destructive Testing and Structural Health Monitoring Technologies for transportation infrastructure
  

COURSE SYLLABUS : The course is divided into five main modules (topics)

Module 1: Types and functions of transportation infrastructure (Weeks 1–3)
Module 2: Basic design and construction of transportation infrastructure (Tunnels-Bridges-Airports-Ports) (Weeks 4–7)
Module 3: Earthquake effects, Risk and Resilience (Weeks 8–11)
Module 4: National Earthquake Regulations for Transportation Structures (Weeks 11-12)
Module 5: Non-destructive Testing and Structural Health Monitoring Technologies (Weeks 13–14)

DURATION & HOURS PER WEEK : 14 weeks (1 semester)-3 hours per week

ACTIVITIES :

• Weekly student presentations on assigned readings
• In-class case analysis report and student presentation depending on weekly homework (this is true for each week)
  

GRADING BASIS :

REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS :

• NCHRP REPORT 489 National Cooperative Highway Research Program Design of Highway Bridges for Extreme Events
• FEMA P-749 / September 2022 Earthquake-Resistant Design Concepts An Introduction to Seismic Provisions for New Buildings
• PIANC (Permanent International Association for Navigation Congresses). 2001. Seismic Design Guidelines for Port Structures, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
• Caltrans. 2001. Seismic Design Criteria, Version 1.2, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA, December.
• Prof. Dr. Hakan GÜLER, 2022, Havaalanı Tasarımı Ders Notları, Sakarya Üniversitesi
• Ghosn et al., 2010. NCHRP Report 733: Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment for Highway Infrastructure
• 06 Ekim 2020 Tarih ve 31266 sayılı Resmî Gazete'de yayınlanmış olan Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı Deprem Yönetmelikleri
• Stergiou Kiremidjian et al., 2007. Issues in Seismic Risk Assessment of Transportation Networks
• Miller, M.K. 2014. Seismic Risk Assessment of Complex Transportation Networks

COURSE NO AND TITLE : EQE 681 - Earthquake Risk Assessment

INSTRUCTOR : Prof. Dr. Ufuk Hancılar

COURSE OVERVİEW : Assessment of earthquake risk requires a framework which encompasses, in an integrated fashion, seismic hazard assessment, compilation of databases for building stock and infrastructure exposure, and identification of vulnerability characteristics of the exposed inventory as well as of social vulnerabilities. In this course, regional and urban scale risk assessment methods will be taught. Early lectures will be devoted to introduction of general terminology and seismic hazard assessment as for background information. Identification of elements at risk and their classification for inventory database compilation will follow. The main focus of the course will be on building damage assessment and estimation of associated socio-economic losses. Estimation of damage to building stock and of human casualties at different levels of sophistication, starting from the simplest one (direct approach) to the most sophisticated earthquake risk assessment methodology (engineering method), will be taught. For each level of analysis, case study applications with hands-on training will be performed by the available risk assessment software.

COURSE OUTLINE :

1 Introduction

• General Terminology: Definitions of seismic hazard, vulnerability, fragility, risk, loss.
• Regional scale and urban scale risk assessments

2 Hazard Assessment and Characterisation of Strong Ground Motion

2.1 Probabilistic hazard assessment

Time-independent and –dependent

Hazard de-aggregation

2.2 Deterministic hazard assessment

Scenario-based

2.3 Ground motion intensity measures (IMs)

Macro seismic intensity: MMI, EMS-98 etc.

Instrumental intensity: PGA, PGV, Sa, Sd etc.

Different IMs for different physical elements at risk

2.4 Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs)

Attributes, uncertainties

Inter- and intra-earthquake variability

2.5 Ground Shaking Maps

Site characterization

Spatial distribution of ground shaking intensity

3 Elements at Risk

3.1 Physical elements

Buildings, lifeline networks (electricity, water and waste-water, gas and oil, telecommunication), transportation infrastructures (bridges, road network), essential facilities (schools, hospitals, etc), industrial elements and historical heritage

3.2 Social elements

Demographic data and associated socio-economic indicators for vulnerability assessment

3.3 Taxonomy definitions

Classification of physical elements at risk on the basis of pre-defined typologies

3.4 Compilation of inventories

Ground surveys, remote sensing techniques, census and owner/operator data, and crowd sourcing.

4 Physical and Socio-Economic Risk Assessment

• Correlation of ground motion parameters with damage to built environment

4.1 Direct approach

Seismological method, given epicentre and magnitude of the event, estimation of casualties

Case applications

4.2 Regional scale

Intensity-based engineering method, estimation of damages and casualties

Case applications

4.3 Urban scale

Analytical method, spectral capacity-based vulnerability assessment, estimation of damage, casualties and direct economic losses

Case applications

5 Fully Probabilistic Risk Assessment

• Probability of loss exceedance

PREREQUISITES : -

DURATION &HOURS PER WEEK : 3 hrs per week / 3+0+0

LEVEL: Ph.D.

TARGET AUDIENCE: Earthquake Engineering and Civil Engineering Students

GRADING BASIS : Class attendance, presentations and homework: 40%, term project: 60%.

REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS :

- Bozorgnia, Y. & Bertero, V. V. (CRC Press, 2004) Earthquake Engineering - from Engineering Seismology to Performance-Based Engineering.

- Chen, W.-F. & Scawthorn, C. (CRC Press, 2003) Earthquake Engineering Handbook.

- Assessing and Managing Earthquake Risk: Oliveira, Carlos Sousa; Roca, Antoni; Goula, Xavier (Eds.) 2006, 2006, XXV, 543 p. ISBN 978-1-4020-3524-1

- Handbook of seismic risk analysis and management of civil infrastructure systems Edited by S Tesfamariam and K Goda. ISBN 0 85709 268 5.

EQE 687 - SPECIAL TOPICS IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING: EARTHQUAKE SOURCE PROCESSES

INSTRUCTOR : Prof. Dr. Gülüm TANIRCAN

COURSE OBJECTIVES : Understanding of basic physics of earthquake source, source dominated ground motion generation techniques by kinematic and dynamic approaches.

COURSE SYLLABUS :

Seismic Energy of Complex Faulting Process

Static and Kinetic estimate of seismic energy /Stress drop, particle velocity, Rupture velocity /Scaling of earthquake process, Self-similarity

Dynamic Description of Earthquake Sources

Earthquake Source Theory

Dislocation Theory, Kinematic Description of Earthquake Sources ,Spatio-temporal variation of slip on a fault , Basic Theorem in Generating Seismic motions from Earthquake Sources

Low frequency strong motion inversions;

Earthquake Source Scaling

Ground Motion Generation Techniques

Discrete Wave Number Method

Simulation of ground motion with Green’s function technique

(Theoretical and empirical techniques)

PREREQUISITES : EQE 520

DURATION & HOURS PER WEEK : 13 weeks -3 hours/week

GRADING BASIS :

Assignments 50 %

A Term Project 50 %

REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS :

Books:

• “The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting” by C.Scholz, Cambridge Press, 2002.
• “Principles of Seismology” by A.Udias, Cambridge Press, 1999.
• “Earthquake Motion and Ground Conditions” edited by The Architectural Insititute of Japan,1993.
• “Earthquake Engineering Handbook”, edited by Chen and Schawtorn, CRC Press, 2003

Journal papers /Lecture notes

COURSE NO AND TITLE : EQE 698 – Special Topics in Earthquake Engineering: "Introduction to Structural Monitoring and Data Analysis”

INSTRUCTOR : Prof. Dr. Erdal Şafak

COURSE OBJECTIVES : To present the basics on structural health monitoring (i.e., continuous monitoring of the dynamic motions of structures) and data analysis, including selection of sensor types and locations, dealing with noise in digital data, spectral analysis, system identification in time and frequency domains, and damage detection.

COURSE SYLLABUS :

• Introduction
• Measuring planar (2D) and spatial (3D) motions
• Sensors
• Fourier transforms
• Discrete Time Signals and Systems
• Z transforms
• Filtering
• Simple tools for system identification for buildings
• Nonparametric (Spectral) methods for System Identification
• Parametric methods for System Identification
• Hands-on practice with instrumentation and data collection
• Hands-on practice with system identification using real data

PREREQUISITES :

• A completed course on Structural Dynamics
• Knowledge of MATLAB

DURATION & HOURS PER WEEK : 12 weeks, 3 hours per week

GRADING BASIS : Based on homework; no mid-term or final exams.

REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS :

(Optional; course notes will be provided)

• Ljung, L. (1999). System Identification: Theory for the User
• MathWorks (2013). System Identification Toolbox User Manual
• Bendat, J.S. and Piersol, A.G. (1993). Random Data: Analysis and Measurement Procedures
• Bendat, J.S. and Piersol, A.G. (1993). Engineering Applications of Correlation and Spectral Analysis
• Cadzow, J.A. (1973). Discrete-Time Systems: An Introduction with Interdisciplinary Applications
• Hayes, M.H. (1999). Digital Signal Processing (Schaum’s Outlines)
• Scherbaum, F. (2001). Of Poles and Zeros

COURSE NO AND TITLE : EQE 700.01 - Graduate Seminar

INSTRUCTOR : Prof. Dr. Ufuk Hancılar Phone: 216-516 3217

COURSE SYLLABUS : The course is meant to give students practice speaking in front of an audience and to explore topics of their own choosing in detail as well as to expose and expand the student's perceptive and awareness regarding the topics of interest to earthquake engineering. These will be achieved by students’ presentations, guest lectures and presentations/lectures by the instructor.

Students will research topics and organize presentations. The topics may be any aspect of earthquake engineering and must be approved by the instructor in advance. Students will submit a detailed outline (1 – 1.5 pages) of their presentation as well as a brief abstract (one or two paragraphs) describing their presentation along with a bibliography. Unless cleared with the instructor, students may not give a presentation similar to one delivered in another class. Students will deliver 25-minute presentations. 10 to 15-minute discussion sessions will follow. To help students improve as speakers, each student will receive feedback from the fellow students and the instructor.

Guest lectures will be given by the other department members and invited speakers. Students are encouraged to take advantage of the expertise of the speakers by actively participating in lively discourse.

Attendance will be taken at each class and participation to at least 70 per cent of the seminars is required to get a passing grade.

PREREQUISITES : -

DURATION & HOURS PER WEEK : 1 hrs per week / Non credit

GRADING BASIS : Based on the students’ performance during the classes. 70% attendance is required to get a passing grade.